Jack Dean, well known by his online alias “JaackMaate,” is a well-known British YouTube personality. He’s also appeared on Big Brother in the United Kingdom, where he spent a week in the house. JaackMaate Age. He has ranked on the list of those famous. • 10 mo. JaackMaate became famous on YouTube platform for his vlogs, fact videos, and web series called Jack's Chat With, and later shared commentary video. Available as Standard or Express delivery. He earned the money being a professional YouTube Star. disneys said: He looks like a horse now. Brit állampolgársággal rendelkezik, és vegyes etnikumhoz tartozik. After 100 days in the Big Brother house, 25-year-old Jag Bains was voted the new champion, taking home a $750,000 grand prize and going down in history as the first-ever Sikh-American to win the show. Jag Bains became the first Sikh-American to win the reality television show with his 5-2 victory over the show's first-ever deaf contestant, Matt Klotz. The Official subreddit for JaackMaate's Happy Hour Podcast. His zodiac sign is Pisces. Той също. 41. Hosted alongside close friends Stevie White. Listen to JaackMaate’s Happy Hour on Spotify. JaackMaate е английска звезда в YouTube. In the past, he spent 1 week in the house of Big Brother (UK) . JaackMaate was born in Norwich, England, on March 7, 1993. Jack's shopping history reveals all to Tom: the white board of destiny, the tv show of shame, and how he managed to make a table on Big Brother a little bit safer. ago. Episode 2. Eastern Daily Press. Estimated earnings. JaackMaate is a popular YouTuber from England. Celebrity. He applied in 2012 and was accepted to enter. He has a sister namedJack Dean, better known by his online alias JaackMaate is a British commentary YouTuber, podcast host, sports presenter and comedian. In 2012 Jack was due to appear on the UK TV program Big Brother but instead took part in a test series prior to the actual series being filmed. Robbie's the one with the quick one-liners,Jaackmaate explained that he had been in the guest area at Reading Festival back in 2019 when he found himself surrounded by a few famous faces. In order to play in Jaackmaate's monthly tournaments, or the $5,000 freeroll, you must have an 888poker account. The Internet's main hub to get featured in Happy Hour episodes! Get involved 🇳🇺. He auditioned to be on the reality series Big Brother and spent one week in the house. JaackMaate hails from Norwich, England. • 27 days ago. ago. From July 10, the show, hosted by Julie Chen, will air at 8 p. [1] The series premiered on July 5, 2000. JaackMaate: Bio, Age, Ethnicity, Siblings, Education. Jaack's wit is sharp, his humor crude, Stevie adds his charm, always in a good mood. Posted by u/Big-Bumbaclart-Barry - 3 votes and 3 comments22K subscribers in the JaackMaate community. ️Lyrics, Meaning & Videos: TommyInnit EXCLUSIVE Interview - 7 Million Subscribers By 16!, TGFBRO! - The Video That Almost Killed Jay, Worst Injuries & Selling The Childish Brand!, ZERKAA from The Sidemen - 2 Hour Special!, TOBJIZZLE - Sidemen, ChallengerThings get a bit heated in this week's episode of The JaackMaate Podcast. 8M subscribers in the ksi community. 48. 12K votes, 295 comments. E. Best of 2022 Top 250 Movies Most Popular Movies Top 250 TV Shows Most Popular TV Shows Most Popular Video Games Most Popular Music Videos Most Popular Podcasts. Found this pop up into my YouTube and it’s Jacks big brother audition (according to the video title) it’s a very short 7 second clip but it’s mad how different and how young he. PIEFACE! - Gambling Addiction, Big Brother, Twitch Fame & SO MUCH MORE!: With Jack Carl Dean, Stevie White. The Internet's main…(TV) Julie announces Big Brother - Reindeer Games. He created his YouTube channel on October 5, 2008. 25K subscribers in the JaackMaate community. The Myers-Briggs Personality Test groups people into sixteen distinct personality types. Hosted on Acast. people saying the guy sounded "arrogant" for using "big" words, well its just a part of his job as a public speaker and in my opinion he conveyed what he had to say in a very good way. . From $2. I’ve finally done it! After going from a 30 minute to work to a 3 minute drive to work I’ve found myself getting really behind on the pod. Ally Law is on the podcast to explain how he went from being addicted to Runescape, to becoming one of the most popular urban explorers in the UK! He shares loads of mind blowing stories, including the time he broke into the Big Brother house (twice), being arrested in an airport and his terrifying skydiving experience. ALLY LAW - Near Death Skydiving Accident, Breaking Into Big Brother & More Mad Stories!: With Jack Carl Dean, Stevie White. He mainly uploads vlogs, fact videos, and web series called “Jack’sImagine housing your big brother's fat cock inside your womb!" She screamed out another shuddering orgasm and her divot dilated further, all pain and cramping utterly diminished thanks to the magic and her incredible orgasms. Watching back and reacting my "highlights" of the time I was in the Big Brother house. 25 million subscribers on his YouTube channel. . Around this time, Alex had missed some podcasts so it seemed to Jack that Alex just cut him off, when in fact Alex got kicked out of his house so alex had to move and couldnt make some shoots. I believe it’s episode 159 Christmas special 2020! 2020 Christmas ep the lads were gonna make either a Christmas song or verse Stevie made a tune and lyrics jaack did nothing (suprise) Robbie made a verse up to the popular song at the. JaackMaate’s Happy Hour is a biweekly comedy podcast hosted by youtuber JaackMaate and Stevie. . JaackMaate's Happy Hour: PIEFACE! - Gambling Addiction, Big Brother, Twitch Fame & SO MUCH MORE! (2021) on IMDb: Movies, Tv, Celebrities, and more. The Internet's main hub to get featured in Happy Hour episodes! Get involved 🇳🇺 Members Online. Listen to this episode from JaackMaate’s Happy Hour on Spotify. 28 éves. The Official subreddit for JaackMaate's Happy Hour Podcast. Trending. he ignored me. on Sundays and Wednesdays, and at 9 p. Its not a big problem and I really love the pod its just a thought. The more aroused she became at the thought of her cervix opening for her brother, the more powerful the magic worked to. . What a man, big up the corner Reply reply Limp_Guidance_5357 • Him and that lad the people’s pundit. Jaackmaates from Norwich, England. Happy Mondays are an alternative rock band formed in Salford, Greater Manchester, U. He was born on March 7, 1993, in Norwich, England. Big Brother: The Launch. disneys Jun 10, 2022. Same as all the ones he slagged off did. He. The icing on the cake was meeting all four lads after the show. last 90 days. YouTuber JaackMaate and Ellie Goulding have got into a Twitter spat and it ended up getting a bit brutal. but mainly utter nonsense. Listen to Jaackmaate from My Mate Bought A Toaster. Jag Bains became the first Sikh-American to win the reality television show with his 5-2 victory over the show's first-ever deaf contestant, Matt Klotz. JaackMaate has 50k followers on TikTok. I'll give you a signed JaackMaate t-shirt if you chuck fifty big ones in. Self - Host (as JaackMaate) - Stephen Tries - Beef with the F2, Stand Up & The Wembley Cup (2020). 25K subscribers in the JaackMaate community. Its not a big problem and I really love the pod its just a thought. 22K subscribers in the JaackMaate community. In addition, he has appeared in the UK reality TV series Big Brother, where he spent one week in the house. Koliko vrijedi JaackMaate? Svoj YouTube kanal stvorio je 5. The Official subreddit for JaackMaate's Happy Hour Podcast. Someone in comments asked why he hadn't tried Invisalign and some whitening strips as his teeth weren't that bad. Tony and Redban moved to Austin. School:. Big ups to the podcast . He has a sister named Charley Dean. He auditioned to be on the reality series Big Brother (UK) and spent one. r/JaackMaate. . Published on November 9. JaackMaate is a YouTube star known for his commentary videos – putting his truly incisive wit and absolutely unbridled enthusiasm to work on big topics. Jag Bains, Matt Klotz, and Bowie Jane on season 25 of 'Big Brother'. Stop doing the trailer! I love the pod and always skip the trailer at the start because I prefer to be surprised. ' Kinapanayam niya si Leona Lewis bilang bahagi ng kanyang 'Jack's Chat With' na serye. Everyone there meeting the lads were kind and there was no pushing or shoving. The show is completely and utterly worth the 19. If you're talking about his most recent video he commented that he was sick. It started during the 2020 Christmas special and then Robbie added the verses in the 2021 Christmas special. The Internet's main hub to get featured in…Also, are there big ques for the merch and does it sell out super quickly? It probably sounds daft but I'm anxious about being able to get some 😅 I should be at the venue for around 6:50pm and I'll be on a mission to find the merch stand straight away 😅 Thank you! :) Viva La Happy Hour, I'm so so excited for Wednesday! 🐑🇳🇺💛24K subscribers in the JaackMaate community. . ️. Yeah, I swear there a video on the Happy Hour channel that clickbaited never coming back to YouTube on the JaackMaate channel, where he said he was planning some bigger comeback stuff. He will be 27 in 2020. 25K subscribers in the JaackMaate community. That’s a completely and utterly personal standpoint and again, happy to hear your points of view, but will politely disagree. On the big screen. According to Wikipedia, Forbes, IMDb & Various Online resources, the famous YouTube Star JaackMaate’s net worth is $1-5 Million at the age of 26 years old. JaackMaate's Happy Hour is preparing to embark on their first live UK tour. So had no idea what I had answered in the earlier questions. Television. . Big Brother is the British version of the international reality television franchise Big Brother created by producer John de Mol in 1997. His zodiac sign is Pisces. Presenters AJ Odudu and Will Best announced the. Vanessa shares some of her most harrowing stories about what really happens behind the walls of a high security prison. He is from England. Andrew Tate Was Kicked Off ‘Big Brother’ in 2016 Amid Rape Investigation. View the brands and products JaackMaate endorses, along with charitable contributions here. Last night my sister almost died as she has type1 diabetes that has been misdiagnosed. Jordan wins Big Brother 2023 and has the driest, most iconic reaction ever. He auditioned to be on the reality series Big Brother and spent one week in the house. I really don’t know how other people would think of this, including Robbie. EPISODE DISCUSSION. The 34-year-old stay-at-home dad was voted America's Favorite Player by the fans, and pocketed a cool $50,000. Then, unknown to Lulu, Kendra went to tribal council. 4K people. JaackMaate became famous on YouTube platform for his vlogs, fact videos, and web series called Jack's Chat With, and later shared commentary video. JaackMaate was born on March 7, 1993 in Norwich, England. r/JaackMaate • Alfie Indra. The Internet's main hub to get featured in…JaackMaate เป็นดารา YouTube ชาวอังกฤษ เขาเป็นที่รู้จักกันดีในช่อง YouTube. Happy Hour Live - The Round Sheep Tour is the first (and possibly last depending on how it goes) tour from the smash hit Spotify podcast JaackMaate’s Happy Hour. Jack thought Alex just didnt like him anymore because of a lack of communication, so ultimately Alex left the podcast because of the feud and hasn't re. $ 444. riverside on the potomac wedding wire; flooding forecast bay area Hot; how to reverse alcohol damage to liver Articles. The 25-year-old YouTube star – real name Jack Dean – confirmed the happy news on Instagram, sharing. He’s looking for sponsorships from various sport companies, food/drink etc. </p> So. He tried out for the reality show Winner Big Brother (UK) and spent a week in the house. He usually shares boxing photos on social media. subscribers . But there’s one relative, whom he introduced to the wide audience – it’s his brother Will Elmslie. I used to be able to listen to an ep in. JaackMaate's Happy Hour: PIEFACE! - Gambling Addiction, Big Brother, Twitch Fame & SO MUCH MORE! (2021) on IMDb: Movies, Tv, Celebrities, and more. ”episode idea. He was born on March 7, 1993 and his birthplace is Norwich, England. Jag Bains, Matt Klotz, and Bowie Jane on season 25 of 'Big Brother'. JaackMaate has amassed a fan base of 1. Rank Bank 6: JEREMY LYNCH! Jeremy Lynch now has a TikTok. On the On Fire podcast, Jeff revealed a new twist that was introduced in the game but was cut from the episode. Most of the people when I went to the Reading show were in casual jeans and hoodie, a few were a bit more exciting. Not most recent - taking more a total change in his voice. LemonMaate . . Explore JaackMaate net worth, bio, age, height, family, wiki, birthday, career, salary [Last Update 2021]! Famous YouTube Star JaackMaate was born on March 7, 1993 in Norwich. Birthdate: January 26, 1995. The Official subreddit for JaackMaate's Happy Hour Podcast. The first part of the three-section final Head of Household competition was an endurance challenge that forced the players. Big Brother is the British version of the international reality television franchise Big Brother created by producer John de Mol in 1997. Why not check out the video before it airs on television and hear about my Big Brother experience! I interview Jack Dean know as jaackmaate on youtube famous for "Jaackmaate 25 things everybody hates" many other rants tells of his Big Brother House Experie. I asked again, he turned to me, looked me dead in the eye and said "how many times I gotta tell you Motherfucker just take the fucking photo"How do I protect my people?" Next, check out our interview with Felicia Cannon, who was evicted during the Big Brother 25 Week 14. but only as a test run housemate. last 30 days. Find out Jaackmaate birthday and more fun facts about them such as their net worth, height, age, star sign, and why they're famous, all online at Kidadl. Every week Jack and his co-host Tom 'Nozzer' Norris will team up and chinw. If you're talking about his most recent video he commented that he was sick. Best. He primarily shares commentary videos, factual videos, and a web series called “Jack’s Chat With. 25K Members. He uses a range of social media sites to maintain his online presence. Reactions: 2. -Scott3325: 7:01 PM PT (TV) Show closes. ️The main reason it is better to be a NIGHT OWL than a MORNING PERSON. Jack Carl Dean, better known by his online alias JaackMaate, is a British YouTuber, Podcast Host, Sports Presenter and comedian. com He appeared in a trial-run of the British reality TV series Big Brother, spending one week in the house. Charley Dean is his sister’s name. Sixteen housemates arrived at the brand-new Big Brother house before an audience as they prepared to compete for a £100,000 cash prize, and were greeted by hosts AJ Odudu and. Andekas YouTuber on osalenud tõsielusari 'Big Brother'. Join. Just another JaackMaate video that isn't getting monetised. He also gained national media attention when. 33. Haha, I love that this is an actual ‘exposé’. Podcast Jack is. Every year, before the actual show, Big Brother hold a "Week's trial" with all the. 25K subscribers in the JaackMaate community. The first part of the three-section final Head of Household competition was an endurance challenge that forced the players. It depends what kind of OCD he has. I mean, I love the pod, but it'd be nice to see some new content on the channel. AboutPressCopyrightContact usCreatorsAdvertiseDevelopersTermsPrivacyPolicy & SafetyHow YouTube worksTest new featuresNFL Sunday. 23K subscribers in the JaackMaate community. He is primarily known for his "opinionated and frank" discussion of YouTube content, and as the host of the comedy podcast series JaackMaate's Happy Hour Podcast, which consistently tops the Spotify most-listened charts. The Official subreddit for JaackMaate's Happy Hour Podcast. Rank Bank 2: JAKE MITCHELL!Jake Mitchell used to be a teenager with a fringe, making relatable content for thousands of adoring female fans, who swooned over. . Here's our picks for who will walk out of the house after 100 days $750,000 richer. He has been dating his girlfriend Fiona since April 2015. . . He has since accumulated more than 1. Pisces is his zodiac sign. nobleflame. He has a popular online YouTube channel. 50 + booking fees with the amount of content you receive as part of the show. . 21K subscribers in the JaackMaate community. Jack Dean is his real name. ’ He interviewed. I'm not gonna say it was an amiable split, but not as dramatic as most people think. Track the real-time subscriber count of JaackMaate on YouTube with SocialCounts. You can get the shirts A LOT cheaper. 91m) Profession: YouTuber. . 26. The Official subreddit for JaackMaate's Happy Hour Podcast. Stay updated on the subscriber growth and popularity of this renowned channel. Reactions: 4. Hän on sittemmin kerännyt yli 1,3 miljoonaa tilaajaa. He will be 27 in 2020. Scan this QR code to download the app now. lokakuuta 2008. Az angliai Norwichban született. Oli White's best friend Joshua Pieters confronts Jack & Tom to discuss Jack's negative comments about Oli's integrity. He's from Norwich, England. ”. . Since April 2015, Jack has been dating his girlfriend Fiona South. Produced by Katie Baxter Learn more. -Subscribe for weekly uploads, every Monday & Thursday: subscribers in the JaackMaate community. The Internet's main hub to get featured in…23K subscribers in the JaackMaate community. Apja és anyja neve nem ismert. - Randolph - Writing Diss Tracks, Beef with Deji, and a Pokemon Pack Battle!In this conversation. Big Brother Help me Make My Short Film Film. Its not a big problem and I really love the pod its just a thought. A new. Go to to take. APR 23, 2020. I’d perhaps suggest just encouraging him to share how he’s feeling / dealing with it in certain situations. In this episode Jack and Stevie talk to Twitch legend Pieface! He’s got endless stories, including how he got into streaming, why he loved working in McDonalds and what it was like going on Big Brother. gg/kny2YbBWRv. AboutPressCopyrightContact usCreatorsAdvertiseDevelopersTermsPrivacyPolicy & SafetyHow. on Thursdays. Episode 1 - Chubby Bunny and Good and Bad Cop. Akinfenwa also happend to give Jack the nick name Lemon 😅 I'm telling you it should be called the LemonMaate podcast haha. Trending. Another YouTube personality, with little personality. Our first Youtuber! Funny, irreverent and deeply foolish, this is our kind of Amazon shopper. Paljonko JaackMaaten nettovarallisuus on? Hän loi YouTube-kanavansa 5. Moreover, he has hazel eyes and blonde hair. All episodes. Call of Duty: Warzone Hollow Knight: Silksong. JaackMaate Bio. The Big Brother season 25 week 13 Head of Household (HOH), Matt Klotz, has nominated two houseguests for eviction: Felicia Cannon and Cirie Fields. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Featuring intimate interviews with a good dose of hijinks and laughs on the side, join them each week as they dissect the good, the bad and mainly awful things that internet personalities and celebrities do week in and week out. Sun Sign: Aquarius. JaackMaate in Big Brother! These are just some clips from Jack Dean's time in the Big Brother house. Will founded his YouTube channel on December. Joining YouTube back in October 2008, he now has over 1. But he won the next best thing. ↑ "JaackMaate was a BBUK 2012 Guinea Pig (with Footage of Guniea Pig trial) - Big Brother 2012 (series 13) - ThisisBigBrother. "Big Brother" wrapped up its 25th season on CBS. Not sure about Stevie’s new look, but sad to see he has already dented his new car. We now know which of the old housemates is facing the public vote and they are not happy about it. His first, The JaackMaate Podcast, saw Jack interviewing the likes of Jack Howard and Josh Pieters, and he currently hosts the Happy Hour Podcast alongside Stevie White and Alex Elmslie. The Internet's main hub to get featured in…GUEST CONFIRMED: Romesh Ranganathan. Had my own little health scare (thankfully all is good) but listening to the podcast on the way to the Emergency Department was the much needed relief to avoid a major panic attack so thank you to the lads for their incredible work. . 2022 has been a year of highs for us at 888poker, with many more amazing happenings planned as we enter the second half. Cast & crew. 25K subscribers in the JaackMaate community. DISCORD discord. The Official subreddit for JaackMaate's Happy Hour Podcast. nobleflame. It wouldn’t be an exaggeration to say that this young man is gradually posing a. Apparently, part of the reward for winning the immunity challenge was the winning tribe got to send a player (Kendra) to Lulu's beach to observe as they prepared to go to tribal. Jaackmate kicked me out of Footasylum's LockedIN / YouTuber Big Brother. . He stands tall with a height of 6 feet 3 inches and weighs around 80 kg. tv reality show uk best moments, fights and arguments,the housemates are: Marc O'Neill,Aaron Frew,Nick Henderson,Helen Woo. From spending 2 months with serial killer Rose West, to throwing Libertines frontman. When Nikki Grahame joined Lizzie Cundy and Mark Dolan for FUBAR Radio’s ‘Hot Gossip’, the former Big Brother star ripped into previous housemates like Coolio, proclaiming that he was just a ‘Stinkio’, because of his constant farting!… “his farts would clear the BB house…he was disgusting!” But Nikki got us thinking – who are the. The Official subreddit for JaackMaate's Happy Hour Podcast. [2] The series follows a group of contestants, known as HouseGuests, who live together in a custom. JaackMaate was born on March 7, 1993, in Norwich, England. According to his Instagram posts, he is involved in boxing. I think it’s because we were discussing fruit in detail and I have had maybe 1 or 2 raspberries in my entire life, so I know that they’re rather tart, but I don’t know enough to judge ‘em. Si JaackMaate ay isang sikat na British YouTube star na pinangalanang, Jack Dean na kilala mula sa kanyang username sa Internet na 'JaackMaate. While he initially gained fame for his vlogs and web series Jack's Chat With, he later launched a second channel, named Happy Hour Podcast. CBS. . 9K. 4 million subscribers. What version of Jack is your favourite Jack votes YouTube Jack Twitter Jack Pod Jack Voting closed comment sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment Diligent-Disaster634 • Additional comment actions. However, is £27 is a bit steep, fans can also get an online message from the TikToker for £4. JaackMaate’s Happy Hour is definitely an exception. . 84. The Happy Hour Podcast. Also, remember these eps were pre-recorded a while ago, up until the christmas special we might have been listening to an ep recording in october for all we know. He was born on March 7, 1993, in Norwich, England. The Internet's main hub to get featured in… JaackMaate (born March 7, 1993), whose real name is Jack Dean, is a starling Social media star, Instagram Star, and YouTube Star who hails from England. 5K. • 8 days ago. Jaackmate Sticker. on Thursdays. Retrieved 2021-07-04. As a prominent YouTuber, JaackMaate. ’ JaackMaate. He has a popular online YouTube channel. JaackMaate – Body Measurements. JaackMaate je na audiciji bio u reality seriji Big Brother (UK) i proveo je jedan tjedan u kući. Show Results Discussion. During the mid-section of his skit, Stephen Tries referenced WS2’s history with drugs with a savvy play-on-words in reference to British TV shows. ago. 180. Abigail Adams. to continue casting older contestants. The Official subreddit for JaackMaate's Happy Hour Podcast. Secure Payments 100% Secure payment with 256-bit SSL Encryption Learn more. Youtubegossip said: he slagged them off because he was bitter, he’s now employing his mates and girlfriend, has released merch (yes it’s better than oli’s) and seems to not want to speak out against youtubers so much now he’s making good money. The Internet's main hub to get featured in…Jaackmaate, or Jack Dean, is a Norwich-based YouTuber with 1. 4 million subscribers. W2S takes a “Total Whiteout” on the chin. Amber Heard, NFT's, masturbating walruses. – Listen to Jaack's Dad Reveals All About His Stabbing | The JaackMaate Podcast #3 by The JaackMaate Podcast instantly on your tablet, phone or. He primarily shares commentary videos, factual videos, and a web series called “Jack’s Chat With. British YouTuber and TV personality Jack Dean is best known by his online pseudonym, JaackMaate. Youtubegossip said: he slagged them off because he was bitter, he’s now employing his mates and girlfriend, has released merch (yes it’s better than oli’s) and seems to not want to speak out against youtubers so much now he’s making good money. 177. Jeremiah didn't leave. The Official subreddit for JaackMaate's Happy Hour Podcast. Powered by automated translation. JaackMaate's net worth is a subject of speculation, as it is challenging to determine the exact financial status of a YouTuber. . . Broadcast yearly from 18 July 2000 to 5 November 2018, and returned on 8 October 2023, the show follows the format of other national editions, in which a group of contestants, known as "housemates", live together. Mike Bloom. ago • Edited 10 mo. 41 . Keem is such a melt. 6. Menu. JaackMaate is a well-known British YouTube star named Jack Dean, who is best known by his Internet handle ‘JaackMaate. He once spent a week at the Big Brother (UK) house. Jack's shopping history reveals all to Tom: the white board of destiny, the tv show of shame, and how he managed to make a table on Big Brother a little bit safer. Presented by JaackMaate, Stevie White and Robbie Knox, Happy Hour is the most popular British podcast on Spotify and regularly tops the most listened to charts. On Instagram, he has over 141K followers. From $19. . He is primarily known for his 'opinionated and frank' discussion of YouTube content, and as the host of comedy podcast series JaackMaate's Happy Hour Podcast, which consistently tops the Spotify. Show All; Free Coloring Pages; Free Dot to Dot Printables; Free Printable Stencils; Funnies; Trivia; Birthdays; Books; Creative, Arts & Crafts. Is it OK to sell merchandise to young fans?JaackMaate’s age is 28 years. Jack & Nozzer sit down once again in the purple room, this time they are joined by Jack's Dad, Steve. Retrieved 2021-07-04. R. .